4 meI
1861: rwxI ijMdW Awpxy pu`qr dlIp isMG nwl ieMglYNf jwx vwsqy bMbeI qoN jhwz ivc rvwnw hoeI[
lwrf flhOzI ny rwxI ijMdW bwry iek vwr iliKAw sI ik “pMjwb ivc iek`lI rwxI ijMd kOr hI mrdW vwlI hsqI rKdI hY[” (prweIvyt kwrspONfYNs rIlyitMg tU is`K vwrz, s&w 167)[ iehI kwrn sI ik AMgryz aus qoN bhuq frdy sn[ (ijhw ik ip`Cy izkr Aw cukw hY) rwxI nUM 16 meI 1848 dy idn, iek kYdI vjoN, bnwrs iljwieAw igAw sI[ bnwrs iklHy iv`coN vI aus dw rwbqw BweI mhwrwj isMG Aqy cqr isMG AtwrIvwlw nwl bixAw hoieAw sI[ jd ies dw pqw AMgryzW nUM l`igAw qW aunHW ny sikauirtI vDwaux dI bjwey rwxI nUM icnwr dy sB qoN vD mih&Uz iklHy ivc Byjx dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ ieh g`l mwrc 1849 dy A^Irly idnW dI hY[ rwxI 6 AprYl nUM ies iklHy ivcoN corI inkl geI ijs dw pqw AMgryzW nUM 15 AprYl nUM l`gw[icnwr ivcoN inkl ky rwxI ijMdW pihlW ptnw pu`jI qy iPr nYpwl nUM clI geI[ auh 29 AprYl 1849 dy idn kTmMfU pu`jI[ ie`Qy aus ny nYpwl dy rwjy qoN AMgryzW dy i^lw& mdd mMgI pr aus ivcwry kol eyfI v`fI qwkq dy i^lw& KVHy hox jogI jwn ik`Qy sI? rwxI ijMdW ny jMmU dy rwjy gulwb isMh fogrw nwl vI rwbqw bxwieAw pr auh qW ^ud AMgryzW dy nwl imilAw hoieAw sI (ijMdW eynI BolI sI ik auh Awpxy sB qoN v`fy duSmxW nUM vI nhIN pCwxdI sI)[ gulwb isMh ny rwxI dI mdd krn dI bjwie ieh swrI jwxkwrI AMgryzW nUM dy id`qI[rwxI ijMdW dIAW kwrvweIAW hux AMgryzW nUM pUrI qrHW pqw lg cukIAW sn qy jy auh cwhuMdy qW aus nUM Pyr kwbU kr skdy sn; pr aunHW nUM pqw lg cuikAw sI ik koeI vI is`K jW ZYr-is`K rwxI dI mdd krn vwsqy iqAwr nhIN hoieAw, ies kr ky aunHW rwxI nUM aus dy hwl ’qy hI C`f id`qw, pr, ies dy bwvjUd vI aus dI pUrI ingrwnI krdy rhy[swry pwisEN byauNmId ho ky A^Ir rwxI ny hOslw C`f id`qw[ 1856 ivc rwxI ny AMgryzW qk phuMc kr ky Awpxy pu`qr kol ieMglYNf jwx dI ‘iejwzq’ mMgI[ pr AMgryzW ny aus nUM ies dI iejwzq dyx qoN nWh kr id`qI[1860 ivc rwxI ny Pyr AMgryzI srkwr nUM ApIl kIqI ik aus nUM Awpxy pu`qr kol jwx dI iejwzq id`qI jwvy[ ies vkq rwxI dI aumr cwlHI swl dy krIb sI[ auh swry pwisEN hwr cukI sI, byidl ho cukI sI qy swrIAW auNmIdW ^qm kr cukI sI[ AMgryz ieh swrw kuJ jwxdy sn[ auDr dlIp isMG is`KI jW rwj krn dy su&ny Bu`l cukw sI qy ieMglYNf ivc iek Awm A`XwS eIsweI Sihzwdy vWg jIA irhw sI[ AMgryz mihsUs krdy sn ik hux rwxI dlIp isMG ’qy koeI Asr nhIN pw skygI[ A^Ir aunHW ny 1861 ivc rwxI nUM ieMglYNf jwx dI iejwzq dy id`qI[ kuJ mhIinAW mgroN dlIp isMG bMbeI AwieAw Aqy AwpxI mW nUM 13 swl mgroN imilAw[ ies vyly aus ny isr-mUMh muMinAw hoieAw sI[ pu`qr nUM ies rUp ivc vyK ky auh Bu`bW mwr ky roeI[ pr aus dy rox dw dlIp isMG ’qy koeI Asr nw hoieAw Aqy aus ny is`KI srUp ivc Awaux dw Pokw vwAdw vI nw kIqw[ dlIp isMG aus nUM Awpxy nwl ieMglYNf zrUr lY igAw[ auh 4 meI 1861 nUM ieMglYNf vwsqy rvwnw hoey qy julweI ivc au~Qy phuMc gey[ pu`qr kol pu`j ky vI rwxI ivcwrI audws hox qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN sI kr skdI[ auh Aksr roNdI rihMdI sI[ A^Ir JurdI, roNdI, qV&dI rwxI ijMdW AwpxIAW A`KW dI joiq vI guAw bYTI qy ‘h`fIAW dI mu`T’ bx ky rih geI[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik AMgryzW ny fwktrW rwhIN aus nUM dvweIAW dy nW ’qy zihr dy ky aus dw kMfw k`Fx dI koiSS kIqI hovy[ auh bhuqI dyr ijaUNdI nw rhI qy do swl dy AMdr-AMdr, pihlI Agsq 1863 dy idn, ieMglYNf ivc hI cVHweI kr geI[ ieM\ (lwrf flhOzI dy l&zW ivc) “pMjwb dI ie`ko-iek ‘mrd’ S^sIAq” idlgIr ho ky ies dunIAW qoN clI geI[
1946: Azwd ihMd &Oj dy jnrl mohx isMG nUM lwl iklHw ivcoN irhw kr id`qw igAw[
dUjI v`fI jMg ivc jpwn qy jrmnI v`loN igR&qwr AMgryz srkwr dy BwrqI &OjIAW ny jnrl mohn isMG qy suBwS cMdr bos dI AgvweI ivc Azwd ihMd &Oj bxw leI pr jrmn qy jpwn dI hwr mgroN ies &Oj nUM vI igR&qwr kr ky muk`dmy clwey gey; ies dOrwn ieh jrnYl lwl iklHw ivc kYd rhy sn; A^Ir ienHW swirAW nUM 4 meI 1946 dy idn irhw kr id`qw igAw[
1989: bUtw isMG kwauNky nklI mukwbly ivc ShId
4 meI 1989 dy idn pMjwb pulIs ny bUtw isMG kwauNky (nyVy jgrwau) nUM iek nklI mukwbly ivc ShId kr id`qw[
1991: suirMdr isMG kwlIAw sMgqrw, jugrwj isMG sur isMG, SmSyr isMMG isMGwpurIAw qy suirMdr isMG iCMdw vltohw, SmSyr isMG mdr mQrw, kSmIr isMG Bolw aUDovwl, rivMdrbIr isMG BoAwl kwlyky nklI mukwbilAW ivc ShId
4 meI 1991 dy idn pMjwb pulIs ny suirMdr isMG iCMdw (vwsI kwlIAw sMgqrw), jugrwj isMG aur& rwjw (vwsI sur isMG, AMimRqsr), SmSyr isMMG isMGwpurIAW qy suirMdr isMG iCMdw (vwsI vltohw, AMimRqsr), SmSyr isMG aur& Syrw (vwsI mdr mQrw, BwgI), kSmIr isMG Bolw aur& jrnl lwl isMG (vwsI aUDovwl, gurdwspur), rivMdrbIr isMG BoAwl (vwsI kwlyky) nUM nklI mukwbilAW ivc ShId kr id`qw[
1992: blivMdr iMsG kIVI aur& rwkt nklI mukwbly ivc ShId
4 meI 1992 dy idn puls ny blivMdr iMsG kIVI aur& rwkt nUM mugl nrvwxw (gurdwspur) kol iek nklI mukwbly ivc ShId kr id`qw[
1993: hrijMdr iMsG mwxUky nklI mukwbly ivc ShId
4 meI 1993 dy idn puls ny hrijMdr isMG (puqr lwl isMG vwsI mwxUky, luiDAwxw) nUM iek nklI mukwbly ivc ShId kr id`qw[
fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr